Bioenergy School: Feedstocks & Conversion Technologies (2 Modules)
Two courses combine to provide a comprehensive understanding of the resource supply and the technological and operational aspects of bioenergy; from biomass production to end-product conversion processes.
35 CPD hours.
Module 1: Biomass Feedstocks & Supply Chains
DAY 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMASS RESOURCES
- Key constituents of "biomass" and how this impacts its application: chemistry and carbon cycle basics
- Feedstock characteristics – yield and energy value
- Land use and sustainability: solar energy; the fuel vs. food debate
- Water and other requirements
- Energy Density
- Challenges and risks in scaling up biomass supply.
- Supply reliability
- Crop breeding – current constraints and barriers to yield growth, GM crops, biotechnology and future trends
ENERGY CROP TYPES & LAND USE
- Forest resources – fuelwood types
- Agricultural crops – Grain crops, oil crops, other crops (sugar cane / sugar beet etc)
- Agricultural biomass and waste resources – crop residues (in field), crop processing residues, animal manures
- Energy crops – perennial grasses, woody crops and annual energy crops
- Production inputs and costs for specific biomass crops – poplar, willow, energy grasses
- Parameters that steer land use (and land use change)
CROP HARVESTING & COLLECTION
- Overview of the main logistical components pre-conversion (harvesting, collection, transport and storage)
- Fuel characteristics; contamination, particle size, consistency and affordability
- Moisture content – why is it important and how is it measured?
- Methods of reducing moisture content before and after harvesting
- Operational and engineering challenges for biomass logistics systems
- Overview of harvesting and extraction technology for agriculture, forestry and energy crops
- Harvesting and processing costs
- Current technical barriers to harvesting resources and future R&D
- In field pre-conversion processes – cutting, raking, bailing, chipping, chopping, shredding and drying
WASTES: CROP & NON-CROP BIOMASS SOURCES
- Forestry Wastes: thinnings, mill residues & pulping liquors (CTO)
- Urban wood wastes
- Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW)
- Liquid, food and other wastes including waste water and human waste
- How much waste resource exists (and what affects it)?
- The value of wastes: supply meets demand
DAY 2:
SUPPLY CHAINS, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
- Common storage options and systems – uncovered and covered storage options
- How far is biomass transported?
- The economics of biomass transport
- Costs of coal, gas and oil transportation
- Transport logistics – road, rail, train or ocean
- Crop transport
- Waste transport
BIOMASS UPGRADING AND PRE CONVERSION
- Feedstock upgrading – why bother?
- Advantages and disadvantages of upgrading
- Upgrading and feedstock energy densities
- Pelletisation – overview of the pelletisation process and technology
- Biofuel pellets – certification and standards
- MSW pellets / RDF
- Torrefaction and densification – brief overview of processes
- Economics and current applications of biomass upgrading
- Pre-conversion treatments – mechanical processing including grinding and shredding
SUSTAINABILITY, GHG LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS AND CERTIFICATION
- Basic methodology for GHG lifecycle analysis
- Why do different studies vary so much?
- Factors in determining feedstock sustainability
- Direct v indirect land use arguments
- Introduction to REDD+ and implications for biomass feedstock
- Policy support for biomass feedstock crops
- Overview on recent developments in sustainable biomass certification – bottom up and top down approaches
- Costs of biomass certification systems
- Monitoring biomass production and harvesting
- The water debate
- Other sustainability issues – soil conservation, GM crops, socio-economic factors
EXAMPLES & DISCUSSION: FUTURE FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY
- Example forecasts of the future bioeconomy
- Challenges in meeting such forecasts: scale, feedstock supply, sustainability, financing
- Assumptions behind the studies
- DISCUSSION: how realistic are future bioeconomy scenarios and how can they be met?
Module 2: Biomass Conversion Technologies
DAY 1
INTRODUCTION TO BIOMASS CONVERSION PATHWAYS
- Thermal, chemical and biological conversion of biomass (Fermentation, AD, Enzymes, bacteria / microorganism technology FT synthesis, hydrolysis, wet and dry milling, bio separation, distillation, catalytic conversion)
- Biotechnology tools including genetic modification and molecular engineering
- The scientific basics of energy conversion processes: chemical, biological and thermal pathways
- Understanding the end goal: introducing current fuel and chemical molecules
- Navigating a complex series of interconnected energy and product pathways
- Terminology breakdown: what a business person needs to know about pyrolysis, gasification, Fischer Tropsch,SCW, hydro-deoxygenation, catalytic treatments, fermentation and more.
- Understanding how the same end-product can be produced from multiple feedstocks – and multiple end-products from the same feedstock
- Overview of current global R&D
FERMENTATION PROCESSES FOR 1ST GENERATION & CELLULOSIC FUELS
- 1st generation bioethanol fermentations
- Sugar cane ethanol processing
- Starch crop processing
- The basics of enzymes (functions and cost implications)
- Lignocellulosic ethanol pathways
- Butanol and other advanced fermentation products
THERMAL PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES
- Different stages of thermal decomposition
- Torrefaction
- Pyrolysis
- Gasification
- Suitable feedstocks for thermal conversion (and restrictions)
- Challenges in scaling thermal processes
- Thermal products: pyrolysis oils and syngas
- Pathways leading from thermal intermediates
DIESEL AND "DROP-IN" PATHWAYS: CURRENT & EMERGING
- 1st generation biodiesel processes from oil crops
- Hydroprocessing and upgrading of biodiesel
- HVO
- CTO to biodiesel
- Fischer-Tropsch (FT) conversion
- Catalytic processes
- Jet fuels from bio sources
- Biocrudes, bio-oils and other refinable intermediates
- Proposed "drop-in" pathways and products, including commercialisation
- Challenges in scaling up advanced drop-in and other bio-hydrocarbons
DAY 2
PLATFORM BIOCHEMICALS & INTERMEDIATES
- Differences between biochemical and biofuel feedstocks
- Principles of (current) chemical processes, pathways and products
- Integration of biochemical with biofuel production
- A more detailed look at individual platforms (syngas, biogas, C5 and C6 sugars, oil crops, algae and lignin) and products including DME, methanol, ethanol. Butanol, sorbitol. Furfural, HMF, levulinic acid, propylene glycol, acrylic acid and many more
- The status of technologies – commercial / pilot or R&D
- Investments typical of chemical industry (from pilots to demo to commercial plants)
END-USE BIOCHEMICALS & BIOPRODUCTS
- Market opportunities in bioproducts and bio chemicals: Which markets are most susceptible to incorporating bio-based elements?
- Consumer pull for biochemical and bio-products
- Bio fibres, biodegradable polymers and bio composites
- Bio lubricants, inks and paints
- Pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals
- The status of technologies – commercial / pilot or R&D
BIOREFINERIES AND INTEGRATED BIOPROCESSES
- Biorefineries and the importance of multi-product approaches
- Biorefinery concepts & the chemical (rather than energy) outputs
- Identifying synergies between different feedstocks, platforms and market opportunities
- Overview of refinery platforms and feedstocks: classification of biorefineries and problems with classification
- Current multi-product bioenergy facilities
- Evolving from current facilities to more integrated approaches
- The economic factors around biorefinery approaches
EMERGING BIO-PATHWAYS: ALGAE & MORE
- The fundamentals behind interest in algae: yields, growing conditions and biotechnological opportunities
- Bioreactors vs. open-pond algal growth systems
- Algae as biomass vs. algae as a conversion technology for other biomass (e.g. sugars)
- Why are algae currently an expensive option?
- Bio chemicals and other products from algae – current technology, constraints and future developments
- Understanding different product values which will determine the application of algal technologies
- Separating the hype from the reality
- Future directions in algae
- Synthetic biology – a brief overview
- Microbial catalysts
DAY 3
BIOMASS TO GAS: BIOGAS, METHANE & OTHER ENERGY CARRIERS (FOR POWER, TRANSPORT OR HEAT)
- The process of Anaerobic Digestion
- Key components of a Digester system
- Different digester designs and their application
- Small vs. large-scale biogas systems
- Off grid AD – multiple feedstocks for heat production
- Feedstock choices and biogas compositions and clean-up requirements
- By-products
- Landfill biogas
- Utilisation of biogas, including for electricity production and as transport fuel
- The current AD market and trends
- Scalability of biogas power
- Biogas upgrading requirements, technologies and costs
- Applications of upgraded biogas
- Grid-injected biomethane: requirements and restrictions
- Methane applications in transport
- Hydrogen and its applications – fuel cells and HENG
- Ammonia as a potential fuel
BIOMASS POWER, DIRECT & CO-FIRING
- Biomass pre-processing technologies, including pelletisation, pyrolysis and torrefaction
- Direct biomass power: key plant components and technology description
- Co-firing: limits to the biomass blend and how to increase them
- Power-only vs. co-generation (CHP) and tri-generation (power, heating & cooling)
- Examples of biomass power from around the world
- Challenges in scaling up biomass power
- Biomass power as an adjunct to biofuel production and waste management
- Current biomass power markets and trends
- The competitive context of power generation
- Small or large-scale biopower: which makes most economic sense?
EXAMPLES, EXERCISE & REVIEW: EVALUATING THE COMPETING BIOENERGY OPTIONS
- Revisiting the range of conversion technologies, their integration, co-operation and/or competition.
- Why "bioenergy" will not ultimately be a choice between fuels or chemicals or power: but integrated approaches to multiple outputs.
- Case studies of conversion processes in the market, and what they say about trends and competitiveness.
- Exercise & discussion: determining the best technology choices and strategic and operational approaches for selected market scenarios.
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Jon Riley <Jon.Riley.yjitklozkixrahy@greenpower.msgfocus.com>
Date: Thu, Jan 16, 2014 at 4:31 PM
Subject: Bioenergy School: Feedstocks & Conversion Technologies
To: pannirbr@gmail.com
From: Jon Riley <Jon.Riley.yjitklozkixrahy@greenpower.msgfocus.com>
Date: Thu, Jan 16, 2014 at 4:31 PM
Subject: Bioenergy School: Feedstocks & Conversion Technologies
To: pannirbr@gmail.com
|
Established in 2003, Green Power Conferences was the first to offer professionally organised events focusing on the sustainability sector. Over the last seven years, we have welcomed over 22000 delegates from 152 countries and built a global database of 1,000,000+ contacts. Our expertise lies in producing high quality, interactive conferences that provide ample networking opportunities for delegates and partners alike. Each event is developed by a team of market research professionals who ensure our events provide in-depth discussions and the latest industry updates in these fast-moving sectors. With a global portfolio of 40+ events, Green Power Conferences is helping to accelerate the uptake of sustainable business practices from Rio to Hong Kong. We also walk the talk, by offsetting all our commercial activities through renewable energy projects around the world. 
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário
Observação: somente um membro deste blog pode postar um comentário.