domingo, 29 de dezembro de 2013

pyrolysis review

rom:  Mark Fuchs, Washington Department of Ecology

 

Date:   2-26-13

 

 

Subject:  Methods for Producing Biochar and Advanced Biofuels in Washington State, Part 4: Literature Review of Sustainability Issues, Business Models, and Financial Analyses

 

Please post this note of the part 4 biochar report available to readers on your various news and events, lists serves, newsletters, updates and blogs and in your publication libraries.

 

Ecology has published the fourth and final in a series of reports on the applications and benefits of thermochemical pyrolysis for fuels, heat and biochar from organic resources, Part 4: Literature Review of Sustainability Issues, Business Models, and Financial Analyseshttps://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1207035.html.  This report focuses on the criteria that need to be followed to integrate pyrolysis technologies into sustainable business models. This last report presents sustainability criteria and several business models that could be used to build sustainable enterprises based on biomass pyrolysis technologies. 

 

Manuel Garcia-Perez (research thermochemical engineer at Washington State University (WSU), Biological Systems Engineering Department (BSE)) lead a group of authors from BSE, the WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, US Biochar Initiative and Ecology to complete this fourth report on pyrolysis for fuels, heat and biochar. The work was funded by the Washington Legislature on the Waste to Fuels Technology project.  Dr. Garcia-Perez and others previously completed Parts 1, 2 and 3 as follows.

First, a report titled Methods for Producing Biochar and Advanced Biofuels in Washington State Part 1: Literature Review of Pyrolysis Reactors,http://www.biochar-international.org/node/2488 was announced on this blog in May 2011. The report review historical and current biochar kilns and retort technologies and can be found at: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1107017.html

An IBI update for Parts 2 and 3 under Biochar Research in the State of Washington, USA http://www.biochar-international.org/biocharwashingtonstatewas made to the blog in August 2012. 

The second report is a Part 2: Literature Review of the Biomass Supply Chain and Preprocessing Technologies, From Field to Pyrolysis Reactor. This report reviews collection, handling and pretreatment methods for biomass sources from waste, agriculture and forests. It can be found at:http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/1207033.html.

The third report is a Part 3: Literature Review of Technologies for Product Collection and Refining. The report describes technologies and methods for bio-oil products recovery and characterization, bio-char activation, bio-oil refining strategies and regulatory issues related with deployment of pyrolysis technologies. It can be found at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/1207034.html.

Together, these reports provide a comprehensive review of pyrolysis process methods including historic kilns and retorts, feedstock resources, refining products, and sustainable business opportunities for biochar and fuel products. 

 

 

 

 

Mark R. Fuchs 
Department of Ecology 
Eastern Regional Office 
4601 N. Monroe 
Spokane, WA  99205-1295 
wk. ph.  509-329-3501 
FAX:  509-329-3572 
email:  mfu...@ecy.wa.gov

www.gwprojects.org/DBW/Clark County Biochar talk JM.pdf

quarta-feira, 25 de dezembro de 2013

Fwd: [Gasification] [Stoves] Reed,T. and R. Larson. (1996) and 3 PRE-announcements




---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Paul Anderson <psanders@ilstu.edu>
Date: Wed, Dec 25, 2013 at 2:23 PM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Stoves] Reed,T. and R. Larson. (1996) and 3 PRE-announcements
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org>, Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org>, "James S. Schoner" <jss@bitmaxim.com>, Shivayam Ellis <shivayam.ellis@gmail.com>, "biochar@yahoogroups.com" <biochar@yahoogroups.com>


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The Reed-Larson article (1996) is at the www.drtlud.com/resources website.

I am the custodian of the original stove of that article. The stove is dated 1995.

PRE-announcements: (PRE because I will make a more formal announcement when the items have progressed further.)

1. ALL of the content of the former website of the Biomass Energy Foundation (BEF) (which dissolved in 2013) is being placed gradually and as fast as we can at the website of www.drtlud.com .

2. The registration of the domain name woodgas.com has been successfully transferred to my control. That URL will now point to and automatically link to a BEF section of the .../Resources section of drtlud.com . At some future time the woodgas.com address could also have additional functions.

3. The entire library of documents that were sold by the BEF in printed format is being transferred (and transformed where needed) to become available as FREE digital downloads. Some are quite large. Many are "classics of gasification literature." Two of those documents are currently available via www.drtlud.com/resources

If you like the above news, please consider it to be gift to you from Tom Reed, Paul Anderson, James Schoner (website administrator), and the Biomass Energy Foundation and the Dr TLUD crew.

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to all!!!!

May stoves and gasification and biochar all have an excellent 2014 !!!!

Paul

Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email:  psanders@ilstu.edu
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  www.drtlud.com

On 12/25/2013 3:06 AM, revjcsd@juno.com wrote:
Is the following article (or an update thereof) available somewhere?

Reed, T. and R. Larson. (1996). "A wood-gas stove for developing countries."

http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/TI.htm


Thanks.

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domingo, 22 de dezembro de 2013

Fwd: 10 reasons to use DAILY coconut oil (some are surprising)


Coconut oil as fruit medicine

If you pay attention to health news, you know that coconut oil has been getting well-deserved attention in recent years, with even shows like Dr Oz talking about the numerous health benefits of coconut oil. 

We'll talk about some of the benefits today and also how to choose properly...

The Top 10 Reasons Why Coconut Oil Should Be In Your DAILY Diet

1. Coconut Oil Contains a Unique Combination of Fatty Acids With Powerful Medicinal Properties.

2. Populations That Eat a LOT of Coconut Are Among The Healthiest People on The Planet.

3. Coconut Oil Can Increase Your Energy Expenditure, Helping You Burn More Fat.

4. The Lauric Acid in Coconut Oil can help fight infections and boost your immune system.

5. Coconut Oil has a satiating effect on your appetite, so even though you ate more fat from the addition of coconut oil, you end up being automatically less hungry later, helping to control your overall caloric intake.

6. The Fatty Acids in Coconut Oil help to increase ketones in the body which can be useful for reducing seizures and also beneficial in treating Alzheimer's Disease.

7. Coconut Oil can improve your ratio of HDL to LDL and decrease your risk of heart disease.

8. Coconut Oil Can Protect Hair Against Damage and Moisturize Your Skin.

9. The Fatty Acids in Coconut Oil Can Boost Brain Function in Healthy people & in Alzheimer's Patients.

10. Coconut Oil can help you lose fat through metabolic efficiency, especially the dangerous visceral fat in your abdominal cavity.

As you can see, this stuff is downright magical for your health.

But there is one problem…

Not all coconut oil is created equal. In fact, if the oil is created the wrong way, many of the benefits become destroyed.

We'll explore more details in tomorrow's article, but a few important things to look for are "virgin" and organic, because you want to avoid the pesticides and other chemicals that can be found in non-organic versions.  Also, you want to avoid the hexane residue (a petroleum chemical) that's found in some non-organic chemical extraction types of coconut oil.

I just recently heard from a friend about a brand new type of coconut oil called Thera Vita Paradise that is virgin, organic, and even comes from a very "Green" manufacturing facility that re-uses the coconut husks, shells and old coconut trees to power the factory, the lights, and even the workers homes.

All parts of the coconut are recycled and no diesel fuel is used.  I really think this is an awesome company not only because of the quality of the coconut oil, but also the fact they recycle and re-use all parts of the coconut for beneficial purposes and reduction of burning fossil fuels.

This brand new Thera Vita Paradise coconut oil is ONLY sold on Amazon.com

One of my friends found out about a 50% off coupon code for 1st time buyers to stock up.  The 50% discount code needs to be typed in on checkout.

The coupon code at checkout is: COCO1234  (I'm not 100% sure that the coupon code didn't expire yet, but I heard it was still active as of today)

Enjoy the great taste and great health benefits!  I'll be back in a day or two with more information about coconut oil.

Mike Geary
Certified Nutrition Specialist
Certified Personal Trainer

PS -- if you liked today's article, please fwd this email on to any of your friends, family, or co-workers that would enjoy it.



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Fwd: [Gasification] raising H2 concentration indowndraft gasification

, Dec 22, 2013 at 8:25 AM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] raising H2 concentration indowndraft gasification
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org>


Greetings to Rex and all list members

Happy holiday  Xmas, New year  to  All the list members 

We have  very   good  open  technical information exchange here    and a special happy holiday greetings  to   the  very  well organized technical  team members of the list , well managed  by our  Word wide  list Coordinator     Tom Mile , make possible all about  biomass  gasification in one place , the image ,videos, all the list members  many  text comments  in  an organised , easy to acess from anywheer from any time .

Very Important  unsolved  Gasification  design problems 
   Coming to the very good topics REX has brought here , we need  to realy break this silence  of many list members as the topic is  very , very importante one , need  active atention of all list members , not silence one can expects .

The h2 rich  syngas 
     The  hydrogen rich    syngas  can be obtianed using pyrogas , charcoal  with recycled  syngas  at  high tempertaures  above 800, as C02  will be reduced , some methane may be there,

The carcoal can help to reduce  c02 , as well  provide energy needed , as already pointed out by REX 

This  hydrogen  rich gas   can be used for bio oil enrichmento  to  make  valuable  biocrude   using mixed  catalyst as one  with Ficher tropics Fe  as outline to make  oil from c02 , as well as bio oil  leaving  ,syngas   without the h2 ,  as this can be  recycled   back   to   make h2 rich syngas from pyrogas  as described aboove 

Thus there is syngas loop , and there is no  need to worry about PSA  C02  problemas .

Thus pyrolysis can play key  role   along  with  charcoal  gasification routes for syngas .Use of steam to increase the h2 is also need to be done as very well  outilned by Kelvin  and Tomm need .The heat needed  all can be obtained using  syngas  and steam production too depending on the local demand 

Syngas loop proven technology 

Syngas  recycle to  biomass  gasification  to make  methanol  via hygenol  is already proven  to be viable to make methanol , howvever  syngas use to biomass   gasification  can be more complex one.As pyrogas is  is the route , as you prove the h2 requirement is less, this  new  h2 enriched  gas without any need using only pyrogas and recycled gas  with charcoal  can make possible  the h2 needed to make decentralised  biomassrefinery production to make  biooil crude oil, biochar ,syngas  in a integratedway 

Small  biorefinery from biomass  need not be very big  and complex
     As this innovative  process design   is very complex, Rex , one cannot expect  more idea,  thus more silence from  list members is taking place.Even list coordinatior usual comment from Tom ,what all  list members can expects. One of  our list  the best   Technical  expertTom  Reed   , his very long year of practical  experience  need to becombined with  your projects..

Small Biomass refinery need To  energy products  need  to practical proven one 

Already one  company from Europe sell comercialy via linkedin group , a system to make  biocrude oil  wirth mechanical contact direct catalytic hydrogenation  of biomass. The required h2 is obtained from fractionationation  of biooilcrude oil ,as outlined by  REX. More information  about this comercial process  is available via linked in social Netwok .

Innovation with  ideas via Brain storming of all  is an urgent need,  not the silence 

We need   more ideas, sugestion from young list members , not silence as unexpeted from REX, as even  very bad idea, sugestion can help to find the correct best innovative path .The brain storming by severl list members , not silence,  can be  made possible. We ,the list members  all are very  well  conected by list Many , all  all know the basics of biomass, gasification . Even the  new one   can learn very fast  ,as chemistry  behind the technology  is well  explained her  our expert Tom Reed  make  more clear  the required chemical pathway in order to  make the technology  outlined well  too as the design  requirementos .Thus  sure new 2014  we  can solve the   pyrolysis combined gasification  as small birefinery   for energy the required design  problems ,clearly well defined by REX. The solution related to enegy problems  given by  Kelvins. The science  required by  Tom Reed, as  we small chemical engineering research group , the recycle process needed for process synthesis.

thus innovative proces  need both process design problems, process synthesis, process analysis.All can innovate ,give ideas as silence  make one pasive , let us all be ative as the per coreect wish from REX and list coordinator 

King regards

Pannirselvam  P.V

******************************************************************************************
Dr.PAGANDAI .V.PANNIRSELVAM
ASSOCIATE . PROF.UFRN.
Research Group ,GPEC, Coordinator Computer aided  Cost engineering
DEQ – Departamento de Engenharia Química
CT – Centro de Tecnologia / UFRN, Lagoa Nova – Natal/RN
Campus Universitário. CEP: 59.072-970;North East,Brazil
pannirbr@gmail.com********************************************************************************************




On Sun, Dec 22, 2013 at 4:26 AM, Rex Zietsman <rex@whitfieldfarm.co.za> wrote:
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Dear Tom and the List,

Happy holidays to all and merry Christmas for the 25th.

Believe it or not, but we are going via liquefaction and catalytic cracking
aided by in situ hydrotreating and deoxygenation of long chain hydrocarbon
molecules all in one reactor. We produce a decent deoxygenated oil, not
pyrolysis oil. Low yield - only about 250 litres/ton of 15% MC biomass. When
tested via the ASTM tests for diesel, it has a longer tail at both high and
low boilers - easily fixed with fractionation. But, if the starting
feedstock contains sulphur, the residual sulphur is about 10% of the
incoming. This can be as high as 500ppm in the oil which is fine for
"standard" diesel. To make ultralow sulphur diesel we have to hydrotreat.
Hence the hydrogen requirement.

In one of our projects, we have waste vegetable oil at a good price. The
idea is to deoxygenate this oil to produce a diesel similar to that from
crude oil. Here the hydrogen requirement is high in the range of 30kg/ton.
As it is still relatively small ie 1200 litres/hour, we need 30kg/hour of
H2. Hence the post.

All the best
Rex

-----Original Message-----
From: Thomas Reed [mailto:tombreed2010@gmail.com]
Sent: 21 December 2013 12:07 AM
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Cc: <gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org>; John M. Bradley; Chuck
Stevenson
Subject: Re: [Gasification] raising H2 concentration in downdraft
gasification

Dear Rex and All;

Merry Xmas and happy synthesizing.

Rex must be a chemical engineer because he has outlined the problem nicely
below.

A partial solution is reaction of only the 80% cellulose in the wood to make
a synthesis gas:

C6H10O5 + 1/2 O2 ===> 6 CO + 5 H2

And leaving the 20% lignin behind as charcoal (Biochar) for soil enrichment
and atmospheric CO2 reduction.

Reaction of part of the CO with water reduces the unbalance to an excellent
synthesis gas:

 6 CO + 5 H2 + 3 H2O ===> 3 CO + 8 H2. ||   ==> 3CH2 (oil)  + 3 H2

Leaving enough excess H2 to drive the reaction forward.  Toplit Updraft
gasification consumes the cellulose , leaving the lignin as Biochar.

<><><>

I am an expert in molecular sieves, and have made a quantity of a Fischer
Tropsch catalyst with one isolated Fe atom per unit cell.  Should make a low
MW diesel.

<><><>

If anyone has the means, and would like to pursue this, contact me privately
with an offer.

Tom Reed

Dr. Thomas B Reed
280 Hardwick Rd
Barre, Ma 01005
508-353-7841

> On Dec 16, 2013, at 2:56 AM, "Rex Zietsman" <rex@whitfieldfarm.co.za>
wrote:
>
> Hi All,
>
> We are looking at a system that will hydrotreat bio oils from
> pyrolysis, catalytic cracking and vegetable oil. For this we need in
> the region of 30kg hydrogen/ton oil. At small scale ie 1 ton oil/hour,
> this works out at, you guessed it, 30kg of hydrogen/hour. As this is a
> small amount in the overall scheme of things, we are looking at
> gasifying wood chips and to recover the hydrogen using pressure swing
> absorption. What I would like to know is whether we can increase the
> H2 concentration in syngas by tweaking the gasifier. Clearly we can
> look at the water gas shift reaction but, as the syngas has to be
> cooled, washed, pressurised and reheated, it is quite an additional
> investment for the scale we are looking at. If we could simply up the
> H2 content, we would go straight from washing to PSA. Residual gas
> would be piped to a diesel generator where CO and the like will be
combusted prior to exhaust to atmosphere.
>
> For easy mental arithmetic, let us assume a 33% H2 concentration in
> dry syngas. 30kg/hour of H2 is 15kmol/hour or 15/0.33 = 45kmol/hour of
> syngas. A kmol of gas has a volume of 22.4 Nm3. So, to get 30kg/hour
> requires 22.4 x
> 45 = 1000 Nm3 syngas/hour (mental arithmetic here, go with the flow).
> Assuming an 80% PSA recovery this means that we need 1250Nm3/hour of
syngas.
> Not a bad sized downdraft gasifier! Assuming 6MJ/Nm3, this is around a
> 2MW thermal unit. If we can get the H2 concentration up to say 40%,
> then the syngas requirement would be 37.5kmol/hour or 37.5/45 x 1250 =
> roughly 80% of
> 1250 or roughly 1000 Nm3 syngas/hour. This reduces the size of
> gasifier to 1.6MW thermal and more sensible in size.
>
>
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> _______________________________________________
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>
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>
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>
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domingo, 8 de dezembro de 2013

natural farming

Natural farming near Chennai
A


Organic agriculture 
increased awareness 
is. Chennai close proximity, organic fertilizer at home, manufactured and vegetable yields and acatti is a farmer. 
matampakkattai next patuvanceri 
villager sripati, 45, 
farmer, he, healthy life, natural fertilizer at home producing, vegetable, banana yields on 
coming. 
had spoken to the From ... 
how many years of farming 
are you doing? 
long time been on Agriculture. In between, real estate, sold rice. As well as expected in the absence of industry, agriculture come back again. 
household garden eggplant, okra, beans, lettuce, radish vegetables, rice fields, banana'm growing. 
become natural fertilizer for what reason? Purchase or production of organic fertilizer do you use? 
for higher yields, farmers, genetically modified plants and fertilizer are on the craze. 
ketukiratu so is our health. Caused by eating vegetables, organic manure, organic fertilizer changed because people want to live well. 
organic fertilizer production, training parankimalai Panchayat Union. Then, tank building, offering subsidies encouraged to produce compost. 
Currently, home garden, two ponds has been producing natural fertilizer. Two days, five kg of fertilizer, home garden use. 
banana plantation since it will require more fertilizer, organic fertilizer will get from Trichy. A method cans 
nirappin a month to get the manure. 
organic fertilizer 
, how to create? 
four feet, eight feet wide, built two tanks. The size of a cow dung cart, bought two cans to fill. The dung 
post decomposition Well, at least 
10 days. 
Thereafter, the two or three kilos bought earthworms, which incorporate. Likewise, put vegetable waste composting alone, 
too, with their mix. Compost will be ready after 20 days. Then, it used to take. 
many acres of natural fertilizer using? 
owns two acres, leased five acres, a total of seven acres of land for agriculture have been doing. 
two acres of banana, eggplant, okra, lettuce, beans, radish, as well as the other three acres of paddy cultivates. 
two acres of land using only natural fertilizers. Lack of sufficient quantities of organic fertilizer, use three-acre artificial urattaiye. In addition to setting the bins, organic fertilizer 
production is proposed. 
landscape where vegetables are grown in manure are selling? 
These pakutivacikale are bought daily. Sometimes a store near 
kararkalum purchase. Banana fruits, whole sell. 
organic fertilizer to use, how much is cost per acre? 
costing a total of 15 thousand rupees. Five rupees a kilogram of fertilizer price. A total of 500 kg of fertilizer needed. Harvest between 1,500 and Rs 1,700, Rs 5,000 for plowing, planting costs. 
manures are not 
economically Profit, loss! 
two years since I became a natural fertilizer. So, the loss did not occur. Partly for profit. The Government have decided to expand with the help of bio-fertilizer production. 
- Our correspondent -

 

Chennai District News:

sábado, 7 de dezembro de 2013

Fwd: farming with only less water and sunlight


******************************************************************************************
Dr.PAGANDAI .V.PANNIRSELVAM
ASSOCIATE . PROF.UFRN.
Research Group ,GPEC, Coordinator Computer aided  Cost engineering
DEQ – Departamento de Engenharia Química
CT – Centro de Tecnologia / UFRN, Lagoa Nova – Natal/RN
Campus Universitário. CEP: 59.072-970;North East,Brazil

********************************************************************************************
Recent web home page :http://greentechvision.snack.ws/
Project, Projetos: https://sites.google.com/a/biomassa.eq.ufrn.br/sites/
Newsletters, Jornal: http://storify.com/ufrngpec 
Web On line  simulation and modeling of ecobusiness,
Espaço Simulação e Modelagem de Econegócios on line http://rizzoma.com/topic/39080026fabcc04f140acb7d294d62e1/ 
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Twitter and  Skype :@ufrngpec
Fone ;Office,84 3215-3769 ,  Ramal 210 e Home : 84 3217-1557
and Mobile :5584 9954 8770
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Pannir Selvam Pagandai V <pvpabr@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 2, 2011 at 12:23 PM
Subject: Fwd: farming with only less water and sunlight
To: Pagandai Vaithianthan Pannir Selvam <pannirbr@gmail.com>


Find article attached with this mail reagrding natural farming using less water and sunlight
Regards
Kailas
  thanking  Kailash 
--
Pagandai V Pannirselvam

http://ecosyseng.wetpaint.com
http://pannirbr.googlepages.com
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Departamento de Engenharia Química - DEQ
Centro de Tecnologia - CT
Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Química - PPGEQ
Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC

Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universitário
CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil





segunda-feira, 2 de dezembro de 2013

Unasylva - No. 71 - Charcoal from portable kilns and fixed installations

Fwd: [Gasification] Small gasifiers for electricity


******************************************************************************************
Dr.PAGANDAI .V.PANNIRSELVAM
ASSOCIATE . PROF.UFRN.

Office email:gpecufrn@biomassa.eq.ufrn.br
**********************************************************************************************


---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Paul Anderson <psanders@ilstu.edu>
Date: Mon, Dec 2, 2013 at 2:48 AM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Small gasifiers for electricity
To: gasification@lists.bioenergylists.org, alexis belonio <atbelonio@yahoo.com>, mhbelonio@yahoo.com


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Dear all,    Here is the latest from Alexis Belonio who has major progress (and products) for electricity generation using rice husk gasification.   Some are larger than 10 kWe.    I have no additional information, but will forward to the Listserv any further messages.  Email addresses for Alexis and his son Michael are receiving this message also.      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^    Hi Paul,    I am developing such system on small scale, around 10 kWe.  You can visit the following site at youtube    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-Y2Rl5FZMY    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLx-kAw-R-8    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1soshERwM      Good day!!    Alexis
Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD    Email:  psanders@ilstu.edu     Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072  Website:  www.drtlud.com
On 12/1/2013 10:12 PM, Tom Miles wrote:

Jeff,

 

You do manage to dig up interesting collections. I note that the patents were all about 1960. At that time our friend Andy  Baker the USFS Forest Products Lab was publishing reviews of charcoal and carbonization. I don't know what would have stimulated the market at that time besides barbecue charcoal.    

 

The gasifiers that I am referring to have a primary purpose of providing hot raw gas for process heat. They wind up with a carbon rich ash that makes good biochar.

 

Tom

 

From: Gasification [mailto:gasification-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Jeff Davis
Sent: Sunday, December 01, 2013 6:30 PM
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Small steam systems plus gasifiers for electricity

 

On 12/01/2013 06:57 PM, Tom Miles wrote:

Updraft gasifiers (>10 MWth) have been good sources of char for one biochar wholesaler/broker.


Tom,

Sounds like a money producer!

Updraft gasifier anthing like the Thomas Retort?

Can be found at this link:
<http://www.fao.org/docrep/00950e/00950e07.htm>

I found the patents to the other kiln:

<https://www.google.com/patents/US3090731>

<https://www.google.com/patents/US3140987>

<https://www.google.com/patents/US3110652>

<https://www.google.com/patents/US2589895>


Lets get carbonizing....



Jeff



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