www.int-res.com/articles/aei2013/4/q004p285.pdf biogas alage shrimpfarm

http://www.int-res.com/articles/aei2013/4/q004p285.pdf

biogas model upcommons.upc.edu/pfc/bitstream/2099.1/14429/1/Biogas Process Simulation using Aspen Plus v3.pdf#

http://upcommons.upc.edu/pfc/bitstream/2099.1/14429/1/Biogas%20Process%20Simulation%20using%20Aspen%20Plus%20v3.pdf#

fortran detailed biogas model

Paper: Co-Production of Hydrogen, Synthetic Amylose, and Ethanol from Nonfood Biomass will Address the Food, Biofuels and Environmental Trilemma (36th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (April 28-May 1, 2014))

Co-Production of Hydrogen, Synthetic Amylose, and Ethanol from Nonfood Biomass will Address the Food, Biofuels and Environmental Trilemma
http://sim.confex.com/sim/36th/webprogram/Paper26169.html

Paper: Physicochemical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil obtained by mechanical and solvent extraction (36th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (April 28-May 1, 2014))

Physicochemical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil obtained by mechanical and solvent extraction
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
Exhibit/Poster Hall, lower level (Hilton Clearwater Beach)
Mariana O. Silva1, Elton G. Bonafe2, Laiza B. Beltran3, Jesuí Visentainer2, Marcelo F. Vieira4, Rosângela Bergamasco4 and Angelica M.S. Vieira5, (1)Post Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil, (2)Chemical Department, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil, (3)Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil, (4)Chemical Engineering Departament, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil, (5)Department of Food Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
The Moringa oleifera Lam is a tree belonging to the genus Moringace
http://sim.confex.com/sim/36th/webprogram/Paper27035.html

The production of acetic acid from carbon dioxide and hydrogen by an anaerobic bacterium

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016816569090007X#

www.inbiom.dk/download/techmatch/12_it_56z7_3pf3_bioconversion_of_biodiesel__derived_crude_glycerol_into_hydrogen_and_ethanol.pdf

http://www.inbiom.dk/download/techmatch/12_it_56z7_3pf3_bioconversion_of_biodiesel__derived_crude_glycerol_into_hydrogen_and_ethanol.pdf

biogas projeto guia pratica

http://www.proceedings.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=MSC0000000022004000100041&script=sci_arttext

5.2 Acionamento do sistema de refrigeração do banco de gelo com o uso de energia elétrica oriunda de um gerador elétrico acionado a bio-gás de biodigestores.

Diante da grande disponibilidade de dejeto bovino no local, devido ao confinamento de 100 e o semi-confinamento de 120 animais, a segunda proposta, é a geração de energia elétrica através de geradores elétricos acionados a biogás, com o objetivo de acionar o sistema de refrigeração do banco de gelo.

Segundo estimativas de SANTIAGO e CRISTANA (1981), um bovino adulto estabulado gera aproximadamente 30 kg de dejeto/dia e um bovino adulto em regime semi-estabulado 15 kg de dejeto/dia, logo, para 100 animais estabulados, tem-se aproximadamente 3.000 kg de dejeto/dia e para 120 semi-estabulados, 1800 kg de dejeto/dia. Segundo apresentado em COMASTRI FILHO (1981), para se produzir 1 m³ de biogás, é necessário aproximadamente 25 kg de esterno fresco bovino, desta forma, para 4.800 kg de dejeto/dia, estima-se que a geração de bio-gás seja, aproximadamente, de 192 m³/dia.

Tendo como proposta a geração de energia elétrica como o uso de um gerador elétrico para acionar o sistema de refrigeração do banco de gelo, para o sistema dimensionado no item 5.1, necessita-se de um gerador elétrico de 26 KVa.

Segundo a MAQUIGERAL (2004), um grupo gerador a óleo diesel, modelo MAQ 1001, de 36 kVa (29 Kw), opera com um motor de 45 cv.

Segundo o IPT (1982), o consumo de bio-gás em um motor a explosão é de aproximadamente 0,37 m³/hp.h. Considerando uma perda de potência de 35% no motor, devido a substituição do óleo diesel pelo bio-gás, esta reduz-se a 29,25 cv, logo, o consumo de bio-gás estimado é de 10,82 m³/h. Considerando 17 horas de operação/dia, tem-se um consumo de 183,94 m³/dia. Demanda esta a qual é atendida pela estimativa de geração diária de biogás, havendo ainda, um pequeno excedente de 8 m³/dia.

Conforme fabricante, o custo de aquisição de um gerador elétrico de 36 kVa é de R$. 25.000,00. Estima-se que o custo anual de operação e manutenção, seja de 10% do capital investido, ou seja, R$.2.500,00.

Estima-se também que, o custo de construção de um biodigestor tipo indiano, com tanques de armazenamento de dejetos de plástico seja de R$.5.000,00 por 50 m³/dia, logo, para a estimativa de geração de 192 m³/dia, tem-se um custo de construção de R$.20.000,00. Supondo um custo anual de operação e manutenção de 15 %, tem-se R$.3.000,00, ou, 0,04 R$/m³

Desta forma, tem-se que o investimento inicial é da ordem de R$. 45.000,00, com custos anuais de operação e manutenção de R$.5.500,00.

Considerando o consumo de energia elétrica das unidades condensadoras, calculada no Item 5.2, de 10,1 MWh/mês, potência de 6,8 kW para cada unidade, tem-se que a economia obtida é de:

Calculando o tempo de retorno do investimento, desconsiderado a taxa anual de juros e depreciação do equipaento, tem-se que:

Considerando uma vida útil de 5 anos para o gerador elétrico, a proposta é viável.

guia praticas 

http://web-resol.org/cartilhas/giz_-_guia_pratico_do_biogas_final.pdf#

Avaliação da produção de biogás por co-biodigestão anaeróbica da gl... glycerinas

http://www.slideshare.net/IsadoraNogueiraBarbosa/avaliao-da-produo-de-biogs-por-cobiodigesto-anaerbica-da-glicerina-com-diferentes-substratos-e-seu-uso-energtico-em-usinas-de-biodiesel#

www.bookpump.com/dps/pdf-b/942326Xb.pdf

http://www.bookpump.com/dps/pdf-b/942326Xb.pdf

Media/Press | Aquatic Biofuels video biosystem

http://aquaticbiofuel.com/media/

egon.cheme.cmu.edu/Papers/Mariano_Integrated_algae_bioethanol_biodiesel.pdf

http://egon.cheme.cmu.edu/Papers/Mariano_Integrated_algae_bioethanol_biodiesel.pdf

Optimal engineered algae composition for the 

integrated simultaneous production of bioethanol 

and biodiesel 

Mariano Martína, 1, Ignacio E. Grossmannb 

aDepartamento de Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Salamanca. Plz. Caidos 1-5 37008 Salamanca (Spain) 

bDepartment of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 

 

 

Abstract. 

In this paper we present the optimization of the composition of the algae for the simultaneous production of bioethanol and biodiesel. We consider two alternative technologies for the biodiesel synthesis from algae oil, enzymatic or homogeneous alkali catalyzed, the most promising based on previous work, and we coupled biodiesel production from oil with bioethanol production from algae starch. In order to determine the optimal operating conditions we not only couple the technologies, but simultaneously optimize the production of both biofuels and heat integrate them. Multieffect distillation column for the beer column is included in the flowsheet to mitigate the energy and cooling water consumption derived from the ethanol dehydration. In both cases the optimal algae composition results in 60% oil, 30% starch and 10% Protein. The cheaper alternative for the production of biofuels corresponds to a production price of 0.35 $/gal, using the enzymatic catalyzed path with promising energy and water consumption 

values (4.20 MJ/gal & 0.61 gal/gal). 

Keywords: Energy; Biofuels; Bioethanol; Biodiesel, Process integration 

Química Nova - Chemistry and sustainability: new frontiers in biofuels geracao tecnologicas

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-40422013001000002&script=sci_arttext

ABSTRACT

This contribution discusses the state of the art and the challenges in producing biofuels, as well as the need to develop chemical conversion processes of CO₂ in Brazil. Biofuels are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels for providing energy, whilst minimizing the effects of CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere. Ethanol from fermentation of simple sugars and biodiesel produced from oils and fats are the first-generation of biofuels available in the country. However, they are preferentially produced from edible feedstocks (sugar cane and vegetable oils), which limits the expansion of national production. In addition, environmental issues, as well as political and societal pressures, have promoted the development of 2^nd and 3^rd generation biofuels. These biofuels are based on lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste and wood processing, and on algae, respectively. Cellulosic ethanol, from fermentation of cellulose-derived sugars, and hydrocarbons in the range of liquid fuels (gasoline, jet, and diesel fuels) produced through thermochemical conversion processes are considered biofuels of the new generation. Nevertheless, the available 2^nd and 3^rd generation biofuels, and those under development, have to be subsidized for inclusion in the consumer market. Therefore, one of the greatest challenges in the biofuels area is their competitive large-scale production in relation to fossil fuels. Owing to this, fossil fuels, based on petroleum, coal and natural gas, will be around for many years to come. Thus, it is necessary to utilize the inevitable CO₂ released by the combustion processes in a rational and economical way. Chemical transformation processes of CO₂ into methanol, hydrocarbons and organic carbonates are attractive and relatively easy to implement in the short-to-medium terms. However, the low reactivity of CO₂ and the thermodynamic limitations in terms of conversion and yield of products remain challenges to be overcome in the development of sustainable CO₂conversion processes.

Keywords: biofuels; biomass; CO₂.

biocombustivel de mamamoa , estudo de caso mamona ceara

http://tede.unifacs.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=156#scclose

cenbio.iee.usp.br/download/documentos/apresentacoes/forum.pdf biocombustivel

http://cenbio.iee.usp.br/download/documentos/apresentacoes/forum.pdf